Neuroscience

Neurogenetics is the branch of science that mixes genetics and genetic neurology. It is the study of what is happening and the functioning of the nervous system in addition, because the role of genes compete in its development. A multitude of disorders and diseases can be determined by neurogenetics. Study the role of genetics in the development and functioning of the nervous system. It considers neuronal characteristics as phenotypes and is based primarily on the observation that the nervous systems of individuals, even those belonging to the same species, may not be identical

• Biochemical genetics
• Neuroinfectious Diseases.
•  Neuromuscular Disorders and Peripheral Neuropathies
•  Neuro-Ophthalmology.
• ·Neurorehabilitation

Computational and Systems Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary branch of Neuroscience that incorporates theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the brain. Students choosing this major will explore tools and techniques that Neuroscientists use to make sense of the vast data available in hope of finding solutions to neurological diseases and disorders as well as to understand processes such as decision-making, addiction, motivation, and more. Students in this major will also be able to explore exciting research areas in artificial intelligence and human-computer interactions. Typical computational Neuroscience students will develop a strong background in Mathematics and computer programing.

Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes. It addresses the questions of how cognitive activities are affected or controlled by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology, overlapping with disciplines such as behavioural neuroscience, cognitive psychology, physiological psychology and affective neuroscience. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neurobiology, and computational modelling.

• Neurocognitive
• Cognition Psychology
• Evolution and Social Cognition
• Cognitive Development
• Methods of cognitive Neuroscience
• Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Disorders
• Cognitive Genomics & Behavioural Genetics
• Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy

Neurology is the study of the branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of the nervous system and disorders related to nervous system. It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all the conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurological practices rely heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system. Neurologists are person who are specialized in the field of neurology. A neurologist is a medical doctor who focuses on treating diseases associated to nervous system. The nervous system is formed of two parts: the central and peripheral nervous system. It includes the brain and spinal cord.

Rehabilitation is a significant phase for patients after stroke. The goal is to aid you return to independent living. Rehabilitation program depends on the strictness of stroke and the part of the body affected. Recovery from stroke can be achieved by undergoing therapeutic process, medications and recovery is a part of rehabilitation.

•  Acute Rehabilitation
• Non-invasive Brain stimulation
• Skilled Nursing Rehabilitation
• Outpatient Rehabilitation
• Long term acute care hospital Rehabilitation

Sleep disorders are conditions that disturb your normal sleep patterns. There are more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some major types include:

• Insomnia - being unable to fall asleep and stay asleep. This is the most common sleep disorder.
• Sleep apnea - a breathing disorder in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep
• Restless leg syndrome (RLS) - a tingling or prickly sensation in your legs, along with a powerful urge to move them
• Hypersomnia - being unable to stay awake during the day. This includes narcolepsy, which causes extreme daytime sleepiness.
• Circadian rhythm disorders - problems with the sleep-wake cycle. They make you unable to sleep and wake at the right times.
• Parasomnia - acting in unusual ways while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking from sleep, such as walking, talking, or eating
•  Some people who feel tired during the day have a true sleep disorder. But for others, the real problem is not allowing enough time for sleep. It's important to get enough sleep every night. The amount of sleep you need depends on several factors, including your age, lifestyle, health, and whether you have been getting enough sleep recently. Most adults need about 7-8 hours each night.

Sleep is a vital a part of your daily routine you pay concerning one third of it slow doing it. Quality sleep and obtaining enough of it at the proper times is as essential to survival as food and water. While not sleep you can’t type or maintain the pathways in your brain that permit you learn and build new recollections, and it’s tougher to concentrate and respond quickly.

Sleep is vital to variety of brain functions, as well as however nerve cells (neurons) communicate with one another. In fact, your brain and body keep remarkably active whereas you sleep.

Recent findings counsel that sleep plays a work role that removes toxins in your brain that build up whereas you're awake.

Tumors that start in the brain are called primary brain tumors. Tumors can start in any part of the brain or related structures. Cancers that have spread to the brain from somewhere else in the body are called secondary brain tumors or brain metastases. Brain and spinal cord tumors can affect children and adults.

Symptoms of Brain Tumor:

People with a brain tumor may experience the following symptoms or signs. A symptom is something that only the person experiencing it can identify and describe, such as fatigue, nausea, or pain. A sign is something that other people can identify and measure, such as a fever, rash, or an elevated pulse. Together, signs and symptoms can help describe a medical problem. Sometimes, people with a brain tumor do not have any of the signs and symptoms described below. Or, the cause of a symptom or sign may be a medical condition that is not a brain tumor.

Symptoms of a brain tumor can be general or specific. A general symptom is caused by the pressure of the tumor on the brain or spinal cord. Specific symptoms are caused when a specific part of the brain is not working well because of the tumor. For many people with a brain tumor, they were diagnosed when they went to the doctor after experiencing a problem, such as a headache or other changes.

Neuro-oncology is that the study of funiculus neoplasms and brain, many of which are grievous and extremely dangerous example glioma, spongioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, and brain stem tumors etc. Among the malignant brain cancers, brain tumor multiforme, gliomas of the pons Varolii and brain stem, and finest or extremely anaplastic astrocytoma area unit among the worst. In such a case, treatments used the particular sort of malignant brain tumour and immune function. Surgery is also curative in some cases, however malignant brain cancers turn to regenerate and seem from remission simply, notably extremely malignant cases. In such a case, the target is to excise the maximum amount of the neoplasm cells while not endangering integral functions or alternative vital cognitive skills.

Clinical neurophysiology is the type of medical specialty that deals with the studies of central and peripheral nervous systems through the recording of bioelectrical activity, whether spontaneous or stimulated. It includes both research regarding the pathophysiology alongside with clinical methods used to diagnose diseases involving both central and peripheral nervous systems. Examinations within the clinical neurophysiology field are not limited to tests conducted during a laboratory. It is thought of as an extension of a neurologic consultation. Tests that are conducted are concerned with measuring the electrical functions of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves in the limbs and muscles. It can give the precise definition of site, the type and degree of the lesion, along with revealing the abnormalities that are in question. Due to these abilities, clinical neurophysiology is used to mainly help diagnose diseases rather than treat them.

• Electromyography
• Evoked potentials
• Electroencephalography
• Polysomnography
• Intraoperative monitoring

Most people think of neurosurgery as brain surgery — but it is much more!

It is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of patients with injury to, or diseases/disorders of the brain, spinal cord and spinal column, and peripheral nerves within all parts of the body. The specialty of neurosurgical care includes both adult and pediatric patients. Dependent upon the nature of the injury or disease a neurological surgeon may provide surgical and/or non-surgical care. Neurosurgeons are a physician who specializes in neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons are not just brain surgeons; they are medically trained neurosurgical specialists who can also help patients suffering from back and neck pain as well as a host of other illnesses ranging from trigeminal neuralgia to head injury and Parkinson's disease.

• Vascular neurosurgery
• Stereotactic neurosurgery
• Oncological neurosurgery
• Skull base surgery
• Spinal neurosurgery
• Peripheral nerve surgery
• Pediatric neurosurgery

Spinal diseases often cause pain when bone changes put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. They can also limit movement. Treatments differ by disease, but sometimes they include back braces and surgery. Spinal disorders result from a wide array of pathological processes, but symptoms and disability generally are consequences of impingement of the neural elements and/or instability of spinal segments. The primary goals of surgery are to decompress the neural elements and stabilize unstable segments.

Neurotransmitters are the endogenous chemicals that are used in neurotransmission. They transmit their signals by chemical synapse. The neurotransmitter receptors are of two kinds: Ligand activated ion channels and metabotropic receptors.

Pediatric nervous system science direct clinical and fundamental science examination into youth neurological issue to all the more likely comprehend the starting points of epilepsy, learning handicaps and other neurological issue; and grow new cures and medications. Researchers are engaged with an assortment of lab and clinical research projects to expand our comprehension of the creating sensory system and pathologic procedures that trigger neurological issue in youngsters. The goal is to advance treatments and decisions for an assortment of obliterating and crippling neurologic issue.

Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies. Neuropathologists usually work in a department of anatomic pathology, but work closely with the clinical disciplines of neurology, and neurosurgery, which often depend on neuropathology for a diagnosis.

Neurophysiology could be a medical method that plans to assist and recovery from system injury. Recovery is associate degree entrance to decrease sensory system abscesses during this manner increasing the neural repair. Neural recovery program is associate degree expected to create heedfulness regarding the medical specialty issue and its conclusion.

Trauma is the response to a deeply distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms an individual’s ability to cope causes feelings of helplessness, diminishes their sense of self and their ability to feel the full range of emotions and experiences. In general, trauma can be defined as a psychological, emotional response to an event or an experience that is deeply distressing or disturbing. When loosely applied, this trauma definition can refer to something upsetting, such as being involved in an accident, having an illness or injury, losing a loved one, or going through a divorce.

The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology (BCN) area with the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences focuses on investigating the biological basis for behavior and cognition. The faculty affiliated with this training area engage in NIH- and NSF-funded research using both humans and animals as they address topics ranging from human language to learning and memory to models of disorders.

The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology (BCN) area with the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences focuses on investigating the biological basis for behavior and cognition. The faculty affiliated with this training area engage in NIH- and NSF-funded research using both humans and animals as they address topics ranging from human language to learning and memory to models of disorders.

Neurotoxicology deals with the adverse effects of naturally occurring and synthetic chemical agents (Neurotoxins) on the structure or function of the nervous system. Neurotoxicology is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Neurotoxicity refers to ‘any form of substance-induced dysfunction of the nervous system’. This broad definition already implies that neurotoxicity can be studied from many different perspectives, including neurobehavior, neurodevelopment, neurophysiology, neuropathology and neurochemistry. Neurochemistry is the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules such as psychopharmaceuticals and neuropeptides that control and influence the physiology of the nervous system.

Neuroimmunology is the study of crosstalk between the central nervous system and immune system of the body. Neuroimmunology as a separate discipline has its roots in the fields of neurology, neuroscience and immunology. Neuroimmunology, the study of the interaction between our central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and our immune system, melds these two disciplines. While neuroimmunologists originally focused on classical neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and infections, there is strong evidence to suggest that the immune response contributes to genetic white matter disorders, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral nervous system and neuro-oncological conditions, as well as ageing.